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LTKA Labs

SBCs & Raspberry Pi Basics

Eueung Mulyana

http://eueung.github.io/ET3010/raspi

ET-3010 | Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA

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Outline
Single Board Computers
Raspberry Pi - Short Introduction
RPi Pinout
Raspbian - Getting Started
Node-RED & Python
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SBCs

Single Board Computers

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A Single-Board Computer (SBC) is a computer built on a single circuit board, with microprocessor(s), memory, input/output (I/O) and other features required of a functional computer. SBCs typically provide a fanless, low-power computing solution. Current SBCs come with a wide variety of processor types, most with GPUs on-board. These processors range from X86 based processors from the traditional PC space (AMD and Intel) to ARM processors which have traditionally been used in the industrial and more recently mobile spaces. The most prevalent form of software used on SBCs is Linux with numerous derivations including Android, Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian and Arch Linux as well as FreeBSD.

Many of today's SBCs have become so powerful that they are beginning to have the capability of modern day PCs and tablets. This trend will continue as more powerful processors make their way into the embedded computing market as ever-increasing performance/price ratios rise, as well as additional manufacturers enter into this "Wild West" frontier of supporting open source hardware and software for both DIYers and professionals alike.

SBCs

In 2006, a group based in the University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory, decided to address the need for a low cost computing platform that would allow kids to learn how to program without the need for a full-fledged home computer.

The result was a $35 single board computer named Raspberry Pi. While initially designed as a tool for students to learn programming, the Raspberry Pi was adopted by makers, designers, students and even professional engineers and helped to launch the current boom in interest in SBCs.

Ref: Electronic Design, Then and Now A Brief History of Single Board Computers

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Nine Sub-$50 SBCs that Challenge the Raspberry Pi and BeagleBone Black

86Duino, A10-OLinuXino-Lime, Arduino TRE, Banana Pi, BPi D1, HummingBoard-i1, Odroid-C1, Orange Pi, and pcDuino3 Nano

Ref: hackerboards.com

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Top 10 Sub-$100 Hacker SBC List for 2015 (in Order of Importance)

Ref: hackerboards.com

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64-bit SBCs: DragonBoard 410c & Pine A64

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Raspberry Pi / RPi / RasPi

Short Introduction

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What is a Raspberry Pi?


The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a capable little device that enables people of all ages to explore computing, and to learn how to program in languages like Scratch and Python. It's capable of doing everything you'd expect a desktop computer to do, from browsing the internet and playing high-definition video, to making spreadsheets, word-processing, and playing games.


What's more, the Raspberry Pi has the ability to interact with the outside world, and has been used in a wide array of digital maker projects, from music machines and parent detectors to weather stations and tweeting birdhouses with infra-red cameras.

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Credit card sized single board computer

Teach computer science in schools at an affordable price: Grade School, Middle School & High School

Design and Development started in 2006

Raspberry PI Foundation founded in 2009

Release to Market Feb 2012

3 Million sold by June 2014
5 Million by 03/2015
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Early Models A, B

Raspberry PI Model A $25 - 256 MB RAM, 1 USB, No Ethernet, GPIO 26

Raspberry PI Model B $35 - 512 MB RAM, 2 USB, Ethernet , GPIO 26

Raspberry PI Model B+ $35 - 512 MB RAM, 4 USB, Ethernet, GPIO 40

All have HDMI Out with Audio

All have Audio Jack out

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Model A/B:

  • Broadcom BCM2835 (CPU & GPU)
  • 256/512MB SDRAM
  • 1/2 USB 2.0 Ports
  • None/Ethernet Port
  • HDMI
  • Audio
  • SD Card Slot
  • Micro USB for power
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RPi Model B

Power

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RPi Model B

Audio & Video

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RPi Model B

Connectivity

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RPi Model B

Internals

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RPi Model B

Storage

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RPi Model B

Parts

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CPU Overview

BCM2835

  • ARM11J6JZF-S (ARM11 Family)
  • ARMv6 Architecture
  • Single Core
  • 32-Bit RISC
  • 700 MHz Clock Rate
  • 8 Pipeline Stages
  • Branch Prediction
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RPi 2B

  • BCM 2836
  • ARMv7 Architecture
  • Quad Core
  • 32-Bit RISC
  • 900 MHz Clock Rate
  • 1 GB RAM
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RPi 3B

  • BCM 2837
  • ARMv8 Architecture
  • Quad Core
  • 64-Bit
  • 1.2 GHz Clock Rate
  • 1 GB RAM
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RPi Pinout

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Interactive Pinout Diagram

https://pinout.xyz

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Notes

 

On Raspberry Pi, all GPIO banks are supplied from 3.3V. Connection of a GPIO to a voltage higher than 3.3V will likely destroy the GPIO block within the SoC.

  • The Raspberry Pi is a 3.3V device
  • The GPIO pins are unbuffered and unprotected, so if you short something out, you could fry your whole Pi, so be careful!
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Physical Computing

RPi vs. Arduino


Arduino boards are micro-controllers, not full computers. They don't run a full operating system, but simply execute written code as their firmware interprets it.

You lose access to the basic tools an operating system provides, but on the other hand, directly executing simple code is easier, and is accomplished with no operating system overhead.

The main purpose of the Arduino board is to interface with sensors and devices, so it's great for hardware projects in which you simply want things to respond to various sensor readings and manual input.

Ref: Digital Trends via Kopcak

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Raspbian

Getting Started

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RPi

Operating Systems

Ref: Software for the RPi











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Raspbian Jessie

Release 2016-03-18

Full Desktop vs. Lite











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General Steps

It is always recommended to connect the MicroUSB Power to the unit last (while most connections can be made live, it is best practice to connect items such as displays and other connections with the power turned off).

Ref: Basic Setup

  1. Plug the SD Card loaded with the Operating System into the Raspberry Pi.
  2. If required, plug the USB keyboard and mouse into the Raspberry Pi, perhaps via a USB Hub. Connect the Hub to power, if necessary.
  3. If required, plug the video cable into the display and into the Raspberry Pi.
  4. Plug in your Network cable, or Wi-Fi dongle, if required.
  5. Ensure that your USB Hub (if any) and display are working.
  6. With your screen on, plug the other end of the power source into the Raspberry Pi.
  7. Plug the power source into the main socket, and switch it on.
  8. If connected to a display, the Raspberry Pi should boot up and display messages on the screen.
  9. If running headless, it should boot up. When the leds have stopped flashing, connect to the Raspberry Pi from the remote computer. Whether this works will depend on the operating system you are using; the Raspian Linux operating system is configured to allow SSH connections by default.
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Flashing SD Card

Rufus



















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SSH via PuTTY

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SSH Console

raspi-config

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Some CLIs

Remote SSH Session

# credential: pi/raspberry
$ sudo raspi-config
# after reboot
$ df -h
$ uname -a
$ lsb_release -a

TightVNC Server

$ sudo apt-get install tightvncserver
$ tightvncserver 
# access password, min 6 chars
$ vncserver :1 -geometry 800x600 -depth 24
$ sudo service lightdm stop
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VNC Client

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Node-RED & Python

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Node-RED is a tool for wiring together hardware devices, APIs and online services in new and interesting ways.

Node-RED provides a browser-based flow editor that makes it easy to wire together flows using the wide range nodes in the palette. Flows can be then deployed to the runtime in a single-click.

JavaScript functions can be created within the editor using a rich text editor.

A built-in library allows you to save useful functions, templates or flows for re-use.

Ref: Node-RED

Node-RED

A visual tool for wiring the Internet of Things

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Python

via IDLE

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
led = 4
GPIO.setup(led,GPIO.OUT)
def blink(pin):
  GPIO.output(pin,1)
  time.sleep(1)
  GPIO.output(pin,0)
  time.sleep(1)
for i in range (0,10):
  blink(led)
GPIO.cleanup()
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Refs

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Refs

  1. Top ten sub-$100 hacker SBCs for your holiday pleasure
  2. Ringing in 2015 with 40 Linux-friendly hacker SBCs
  3. Cliff Ortmeyer, Then and Now A Brief History of Single Board Computers, Electronic Design, Issue 6, December 2014
  4. RPi Low-level peripherals - eLinux.org
  5. Introducing the Raspberry Pi 3 | Hackaday
  6. Adafruit Learning System
  7. Jeffrey Kopcak, An Introduction to the Credit-Card Sized Computer
  8. The MagPi Magazine - The official Raspberry Pi magazineThe MagPi Magazine
  9. Mike Linnen, What can I do with a Raspberry Pi
  10. Jon Holton and Tim Fratangelo, Raspberry Pi Architecture
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END

Eueung Mulyana

http://eueung.github.io/ET3010/raspi

LTKA Labs | Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA

59 / 59
Outline
Single Board Computers
Raspberry Pi - Short Introduction
RPi Pinout
Raspbian - Getting Started
Node-RED & Python
2 / 59
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